Level Of Technological Equipment Research Articles

Детермінанти економічного розвитку сільського господарства в Україні

Abstract. Introduction. The agricultural sector is an important component of the economy of Ukraine and has a decisive influence on the socio-economic development of the regions and the general standard of living of the population. Ukraine is one of the leading producers of agricultural products in the world, but at the same time, the country's agriculture has significant problems, such as low production efficiency, backwardness of technologies, insufficient financing, underdeveloped infrastructure, and others. The study of the determinants of the economic development of agriculture in Ukraine will help determine the key factors that influence the development of this industry and develop effective measures to improve its condition. Such factors include the political situation, human resources, legal support, the level of technological equipment, the level of state support, the degree of competition in the market, and others. Purpose. The purpose of the artіcle іs to reveal the іnfluence of the maіn determіnants on the economіc development of agrіculture іn Ukraіne. Results. According to the results of the conducted research, the priority factors of the economic development of agriculture in Ukraine are outlined: balanced state regulation; creation of incentives for the development of small and mediumsized enterprises engaged in agricultural production products by encouraging them to invest in startups, as well as in innovative modern technologies; unification of farmers into production and service agricultural cooperatives; increase in the specific weight of livestock products in the structure of Ukraine's GDP; transition to resource-saving and energy-saving production technologies products; increasing the production of ecologically safe products; compliance with the principles of circular economy. Conclusіons. The economic development of agriculture is formed and ensured by determinants that have a tendency to change, influence in a specific period of time or in a specific situation. The principles of agricultural development in the field of production organization are the balance of its development according to economic, technological, social and ecological determinants. In modern conditions, the political and legal determinant is gaining increasing importance. This proves the need for constant monitoring of such changes.

Assessing the Equipment Level of Technical Service Enterprises in the Agricultural Sector of the Volga Federal District

Introduction. The level of technological equipment and quality of equipment placement at the technical service enterprises have a significant impact on the size of work areas and the efficiency of travel paths for moving items of agricultural machinery under repair. The purpose of research is to assess the actual equipment level and the quality of equipment placement at the specific work areas of technical service enterprises. Material and Methods. The quality of the equipment placement at technical service enterprises is determined by comparing the actual and standard values of the coefficient that takes into account the size of work areas and travel paths for moving items of agricultural machinery under repair in particular work areas. There has been proposed a method for determining the level of equipment on the basis of the equipment deterioration and the coefficient of the equipment placement density. Results. Eighty percent of the work areas do not comply with the basic standards of technological design. The actual value of the equipment placement density coefficient at the work areas under research was 1.1‒42.8. The average value of the coefficient was 12.5 for enterprises with a fleet of less than 25 tractors, 10.2 for enterprises with a fleet of 25 to 50 tractors and 8.6 for enterprises with a fleet of more than 50 tractors. The share of the work areas with high density of equipment placement was 13.3%, with average density 40.0% and with low density 46.7%. The coefficients closest to the standard values were found in the work areas for repairing the hydraulic systems and oil equipment, restoring machinery parts with polymer composites, and for painting and drying. The values of the coefficient of equipment placement density at such basic work areas as for bench-working and assembling, forging works, welding, fusing, and etc. in some times differ from the standard values. Discussion and Conclusion. The conducted research showed that most of work areas of technical service enterprises in the Volga Federal District have a low level of equipment. The results of the study will allow optimizing the size of the work areas and ensuring the efficiency of travel paths for moving items of agricultural machinery under repair within the buildings.

Партнерство государства и бизнеса для обеспечения экономической устойчивости сложных промышленных нефтегазовых систем в Арктике.

The development of the Arctic's unique hydrocarbon resources is the basis for Russia's long-term economic stability and energy security. Hydrocarbon production in the harsh conditions of the Far North is associated with many environmental, technological and organizational difficulties, in this regard, mutually beneficial cooperation between the state and oil and gas market participants in the development of complex industrial oil and gas systems is of particular relevance. Of paramount importance is the development of integration mechanisms to achieve a high level of technological equipment of the Arctic oil and gas complex. The basis for the formation of partnerships is the improvement of the institutional environment for coordinating the multiple interests of the state and business and increasing the economic stability of the Arctic oil and gas systems in the long term. For the purpose of the research, a content analysis of Russian and foreign literature devoted to the processes of combining public and private potential to solve production and management tasks in the mineral resource complex was carried out, the regulatory and legal support for strategic management of the Russian oil and gas sector was analyzed. To study the prospects for the development of strategic partnerships, general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, decomposition of factors, elements of situational analysis and strategic planning are involved. The article considers the main priorities of Russia's state policy in the implementation of the oil and gas complex in the Arctic; examines the directions of formation of strategic partnerships between the state and business to ensure the sustainability of industrial oil and gas systems in the face of global challenges; identifies limitations and formulated prospects for the development of the analyzed types of cooperative forms; presents a conceptual scheme of the organization of technological polygons in the Arctic.

Switching cargo capacity to the transport hub of Ust-Luga

The purpose of the article is to assess the probability of transferring the cargo flow of the main cargo of Belarus from the Baltic ports to the railways of Russia and Russian ports in the Baltic. Using such theoretical methods of research as analysis, generalization, forecasting and hypothesizing, the main trends in the development of the railway network and Russian ports in the Baltic Sea, as well as factors affecting the likelihood of changes in the scheme of cargo flows of export cargo, are identified. Brief conclusions are made about the probability of changes in cargo traffic. In particular, it was found that such criteria as the price offered by Russian logistics companies and port operators for servicing significant volumes of Belarusian cargo, as well as the development of logistics chains, will have a significant impact on the decision of Belarus to abandon the services of Baltic ports. A study of the operational activities of the Baltic sea ports and the Lenin-grad Region suggests that they take place in a highly competitive environment and require constant work to diversify cargo flows, as well as investments to modernize the port and related railway infrastructure. The construction of the Ust-Luga railway junction has brought this junction to a leading position not only in Russia, but also in Europe. The Ust-Luga transport hub is capable of processing 20 types of cargo at 12 terminals, according to the level of technological equipment. It is assumed that when the port of Ust-Luga reaches its maximum capacity by 2024, the transit potential of Belarusian cargo will be fully provided.

ЦИФРОВАЯ ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЦИЯ РЕГИОНОВ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОЙ СПЕЦИАЛИЗАЦИИ: ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПУТИ ИХ РЕШЕНИЯ

According to global trends, the growing level of technological equipment of agricultural production requires a reduction in the chain of introduction of all newly created or improved technologies by reducing the territorial imbalances of digital development. An analysis of the regulatory framework of the EU member states confirms that for most regions of the EU, the transition from support to large agricultural organizations to the priority development of small and medium-sized businesses is seen as a key area of economic development. The Russian agrifood complex is characterized by technological heterogeneity and high differentiation of regions of agricultural specialization in terms of the level of innovation activity. Based on data from open sources, the subjects of the Russian Federation were compared in terms of the size and specific weight of the sown (planting) area, on which elements of precision farming are used. It was revealed that at the moment, in most constituent entities of the Russian Federation, digitalization means are used disproportionately to the size of their sown areas. It has been confirmed that the regional imbalance in the use of digital technologies is due to the predominance of small businesses in the structure of crop production. Proposals for reducing the digital inequality between the regions of the Russian Federation of agricultural specialization are substantiated. The analysis of the principles of building a European thematic platform for smart specialization, its impact on strengthening interregional cooperation in the field of digitalization of agriculture. The necessity of transferring the experience of the EU member states to reduce the digital divide between the regions of the Russian Federation and increase the innovative activity of enterprises of the national agri-food complex has been substantiated. It is concluded that the creation of an interregional innovation ecosystem will clearly identify the gaps in the value chains of each participant, identify the general directions of technical modernization of agricultural pro- duction and concretize areas for joint investment in projects with high potential returns.

Professional Identity of Journalist in Hybrid Media System

Introduction. This paper analyzes how the journalists’ professional identity is changing in the reality of hybrid media system. Understanding of journalists’ professional identity is based upon the conclusion that information environment is building the journalists’ characters today. The mixing of media and digital technologies leads to the hybridization of media in its basis. Journalist’s activities within the present media system lead to contradictory and sometimes odd effects.Methodology and sources. The comparison and generalization of expert interviews, public opinion polls and official documents and media texts were applied. Content analyses of journalist’s papers and discourse analysis of theoretical studies were also used to study the professional identity of journalists.Results and discussion. In this paper we try to answer how does the global digital environment affect the conditions, goals and effects of journalist’s professional activities? How the journalist’s professional activity changes? What characteristics of journalist should be included in the professional identity that appears in the hybrid media system? We consider such factors affecting political journalists’ self-identification as recruiting organization and its founders’ proximity to the power structures, pool of experts, party allegiance and journalist’s skills including the level of technological equipment and understanding the modern network principles of the life of information.Conclusion. Due to the increasing amount of information social uncertainty is rising and it is becoming harder and harder to forecast media impact on the public consciousness. Studies among journalists in Russia, Europe and USA show that professional selfidentification is blurred within personal, professional and virtual roles and results in hybrid identity that sometimes consists of mutually exclusive values. It is possible to suggest that structure changes in professional identity structure will affect the components of professionalism in the future.

Contribution assessment of a technological factor to reducing CO2emissions in Russia

Currently, the economy should develop along an innovative way of development with an increase in the efficiency of the use of natural resources and a decrease in negative impacts on the environment to ensure stable economic growth and improve the quality of life of the population. The purpose of the study is to assess the environmental and energy effects that affect the environment and energy intensity in the country. The dynamics of greenhouse gas emissions in Russia are contemporaneously influenced by many different factors, such as the industry structure of the economy, the structure of the fuel and energy balance, the level of technological equipment, and the situation in world markets. Our analysis showed that the dynamics of CO2 emissions in Russia are determined primarily by the growth rates of the population’s well-being and by the growth of industrial production. At the same time, in the period 2000-2012, the effect of welfare growth was partially offset by a decrease in the energy intensity of the economy, but then the potential for reducing energy intensity due to changes in the structure of the economy was exhausted. The contribution of the technological factor is also insufficient. So for the period 2000-2017, the improvement of technologies in the field of heat and electric energy production from fossil energy sources made it possible to reduce CO2 emissions by only 33 million tons. Another significant constraint to the transition to a low-carbon trajectory of development is the low rate of implementation of energy-saving technologies in the production of energy-intensive industrial products, maintenance of residential and public buildings.

Improvement of the System of Statistical Indicators of the State and Development of the Fuel and Energy Complex of the Russian Federation

The article proposes an improved system of statistical indicators for assessing the state and development of the fuel and energy complex of Russia, which defines a methodological approach to identifying factors and trends in its development. The introduction highlights the relevance of modernization of information and methodological support for reaching decisions on new tasks, including those related to the digitalization of the economy and implementation of the national projects’ portfolio. The body of the article critically examines the current configuration of official and departmental statistical information, based on which the authors selected 85 key indicators reflecting the state and development level of the fuel and energy complex of Russia. All of them can be delineated by sectors and analysis tasks. This evaluation system includes 7 blocks: general block characterizing the role of the fuel and energy complex in the economic system; key industry performance indicators; indicators of the production structure by industry; technological indicators of industries; prices for fuel and energy resources; production costs by industry; distribution indicators of fuel and energy resources. The paper analyses development trends in the fuel and energy sectors for 2008-2018. In particular, the authors’ research showed that modern oil production is characterized by a change in the territorial structure, as well as the reinstatement of the role of vertically integrated companies in the development of oil production. The article presents findings on the technological upgrading of Russian oil refining. However, the authors’ research proved that oil refining depth has ceased to be a reliable indicator of the level of technological equipment and modernization level of oil refineries. With regard to the development of the gas industry, there has been a steady increase in gas production, which is supported by maintaining a steady increase in demand for Russian gas in the domestic and foreign markets. The all-time high domestic consumer demand for gas fuel, associated with the Russian Regions Gasification Program implemented by the Ministry of Energy of Russia, was recorded. At the same time, the authors identified the main risk factors in the development of the industry related to Gazprom (a backbone of the energy sector) activities. The persistent positive growth dynamics in commodity production of associated petroleum gas was established. It was also noted that the highest percentage of its beneficial use is characteristic of operators of production sharing agreements. As for the results of the analysis of the coal industry, a matter of interest is the growth of domestic prices for coal products and related derivative trends. Particular attention is paid to the development of the possibilities of using over-the-counter coal price indicators. Replacement of coal with natural gas at a thermal power station in most regions of the country is of interest within the identified development trends of the electric power industry in Russia, which is explained by the environmental friendliness of electricity generation.

The application of game theory principles for the increase in the productivity of coal industry workers

In the Russian Federation the main factor for the reduced labor productivity in the coal mining industry, with almost the same level of technological equipment as in other countries, is human: non-compliance with safety regulations, low motivation, lack of labor discipline among employees of enterprises. The solution to the problem of increasing the labor productivity of coal industry workers largely depends on how effective the fight against these factors is. By choosing the mechanisms of economic and administrative incentives for employees, as well as by creating a hierarchical control system, it is possible to ensure that the behavior optimal for employees is exactly what management needs. This work is devoted to the discussion of methodology for constructing such mechanisms, based on the analysis of game-theoretic models of organizing a safety management system at a coal mining enterprise, proposed in earlier works by the authors of the paper.

СПИРТОВА ПРОМИСЛОВІСТЬ НА УКРАЇНСЬКИХ ЗЕМЛЯХ В 20 – 30-ті роки ХХ ст.

The purpose of the article is to conduct a holistic scientific and historical analysis of the development of the alcohol industry in the Ukrainian SSR in the 20 – 30s of the XX century. It is proved that the increasing in the production of alcohol was facilitated by its use for industrial purposes mainly for the production of synthetic rubber. As the main trends in the development of the industry we considered its nationalization and centralization of management, the further concentration of alcohol production, the increasing in the level of technological equipment. The industry's leadership in this period was managed by the Department of the Alcohol Industry, which was part of the Ministry of Food Industry of the USSR. In the Ukrainian SSR they introduced a four-link multi-message system for its management. The author has showed that this period is related to the subsequent concentration of alcohol production, which is characterized by the reduction of the number of small alcoholic plants, the growth of their technological equipment and the increase in average annual production of one plant. It is substantiated that the development of scientific support of the industry played a decisive role in increasing the amount of alcohol production and improving its quality. The scientific support of the alcohol industry in the USSR was carried out by the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of the Alcohol Industry, and in the Ukrainian SSR – the Kyiv Institute of Food Industry. It is substantiated contribution to the development of scientific principles of the alcohol industry of such scientists: M. Kuznetsov, A. Alekseev, D. Klimovsky, M. Gladilin, A. Fuks, E. Vasiliev, C. Koloskov, A. Komarov, A. Sitnikov, A. Malchenko, A. Zabrodsky, V. Freemel, S. Raev, F. Gladkikh, V. Chusov and others. The greatest achievements of this period were new distillation machines, technological schemes for the continuous fermentation of molasses, measures to maximize gaps between individual production operations. The basic scientific developments on improvement of technological process of alcohol production were generalized. It is shown that these measures made it possible for the USSR to take the first place in the world in the production of ethyl alcohol. The methodological basis of the research are the general scientific principles of historical authenticity, scientific objectivity, continuity and dialectical understanding of the scientific process, the historical methods, source analysis.

Constructive-Functional Optimization for Modular Structure Configuration

The industry dynamics in relation to the requirements of technological optimization involves setting the technical means for each objective and stage during the manufacturing processes. For these reasons, development of tools, devices, work and control equipment, as well as modernization of machine tools represent important measures to rationalize production systems and a substantial material effort. Modern technological concepts require multi-criteria optimization, ranking in importance with associated criteria, processes and production equipment. Our theoretical, experimental research and industrial applications in recent years have aimed at developing high performance and flexible processing equipment able to adapt quickly and effectively to changes in production tasks. As an original approach and objective of this paper a mathematical model has been defined, starting from the utility method, which describes and quantifies the performance level of technological equipment according to the chosen optimization criteria. Several solutions have been developed with higher characteristics and certain novelty elements of constructive-functional configuration of modular structures to create supports, devices, mechanisms, equipments and processing systems. Some are already in use as industrial applications.

Trends in the development of instruments for psychophysiological research

>creasing demand' is caused by increased psychic load in the social and professional activity of people, by increased unfavorable affects related to the condition of the environment, by an increase in the prevalence of psychiatric diseases, by the rising cost of mistakes caused by errors in the management of technical systems, etc. The second feature is the widening range of applications of psychophysiological equipment beyond the limits of "pure ~' medicine, i.e., into vocational testing, vocational training, pedagogy, prognosis and training in sport, etc. The third feature is the very poor technological level of equipment used in psychoneurology for the study of higher nervous activity in humans. This situation stimulated the appearance of a great number of atypical technical systems designed to study various higher nervous functions. These technical systems are usually produced in one or a few copies. The results obtained by means of this nonstandard equipment are difficult to compare and reproduce. Therefore, the methodical level of these examinations is not very high.